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general description the MAX2366 dual-band, triple-mode complete transmit- ter for cellular phones represents the most integrated and architecturally advanced solution to date for this applica- tion. the device takes a differential i/q baseband input and mixes it up to if through a quadrature modulator and if variable-gain amplifier (vga). the signal is then routed to an external bandpass filter and upconverted to rf through an ssb mixer and rf vga. the signal is further amplified with an on-board pa driver. dual if synthesiz- ers, dual rf synthesizers, a local oscillator (lo) buffer, and a 3-wire programmable bus complete the basic func- tional blocks of this ic. the max2367 supports single- band, single-mode (pcs) operation. the max2368 supports single-band cellular dual-mode operation. the MAX2366 enables architectural flexibility because its two if voltage-controlled oscillators (vcos), two if ports, two rf lo input ports, and three pa driver output ports allow the use of a single receive if frequency and split-band pcs filters for optimum out-of-band noise performance. the pa drivers allow up to three rf saw filters to be eliminated. select a mode of operation by loading data on the spi /qspi /microwire -com- patible 3-wire serial bus. charge-pump current, side- band rejection, if/rf gain balancing, standby, and shutdown are also controlled with the serial interface. the MAX2366/max2367/max2368 come in a 48-pin qfn-ep package and are specified for the extended (-40? to +85?) temperature range. applications triple-mode, dual-mode, or single-mode mobile phones satellite phones wireless data links (wan/lan) wireless local area networks (lans) high-speed data modems high-speed digital cordless phones wireless local loop (wll) features dual-band, triple-mode operation +7dbm output power with -54dbc acpr 100db power control range supply current drops as output power is reduced dual synthesizer for if and rf lo dual on-chip if vco qspi/spi/microwire-compatible 3-wire bus digitally controlled operational modes +2.7v to +5.5v operation single sideband upconverter eliminates saw filters MAX2366/max2367/max2368 complete dual-band quadrature transmitters ________________________________________________________________ maxim integrated products 1 ref n.c. n.c. tankh+ tankh- tankl+ tankl- iflo v cc shdn i- i+ rfl rfh0 lock v cc idle v cc txgate ifinl+ ifinl- ifinh+ ifinh- r bias 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 clk di cs ifouth- ifouth+ ifoutl+ ifoutl- vgc v cc v cc q+ q- gnd rfh1 gnd gnd lol loh rfpll v cc rfcp v cc ifcp v cc MAX2366 -45 -45 90 0 0 90 /2 ifpll rfpll /2 19-1780; rev 0; 7/00 part MAX2366 egm max2367 egm max2368 egm -40? to +85? -40? to +85? -40? to +85? temp. range pin-package 48 qfn-ep* 48 qfn-ep* 48 qfn-ep* spi and qspi are trademarks of motorola, inc. microwire is a trademark of national semiconductor corp. pin configurations appear at end of data sheet. selector guide appears at end of data sheet. functional diagram ordering information *exposed paddle evaluation kit available for price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact maxim distribution at 1-888-629-4642, or visit maxim? website at www.maxim-ic.com.
MAX2366/max2367/max2368 complete dual-band quadrature transmitters 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ absolute maximum ratings electrical characteristics ( MAX2366/7/8 test fixture: v cc = v batt = +2.75v, shdn = idle = txgate = +2.0v, vgc = +2.5v, r bias = 16k ? , t a = -40? to +85?, unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25?, and operating modes are defined in table 6.) stresses beyond those listed under ?bsolute maximum ratings?may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress rating s only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specificatio ns is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. v cc to gnd ...........................................................-0.3v to +3.6v rfl, rfh0, rfh1................................................................+5.5v di, clk, cs , vgc, shdn , txgate , idle, lock ...........................................-0.3v to (v cc + 0.3v) ac input pins (ifinl, ifinh, q, i, tankl, tankh, ref, rfpll, lol, loh)..........................................1.0v peak digital input current ( shdn , txgate , idle , clk, di, cs ) ................................................................?0ma continuous power dissipation (t a = +70?) 48-pin qfn-ep (derate 27mw/? above +70?) .............. 2.5w operating temperature range ...........................-40? to +85? junction temperature ......................................................+150? storage temperature range .............................-65? to +160? lead temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300? 50k ? pullup load (note 7) 50k ? pullup load (note 7) shdn = 0.6v (note 7) (note 7) (note 7) (note 7) (note 7) v 0.4 lock indicator low v v cc - 0.4 lock indicator high k ? 225 280 vgc input resistance during shutdown ? -10 +10 vgc input current ? -5 +5 logic input current v 0.6 logic low v 2.0 logic high ? 0.5 20 26 34 15 20 97 123 92 118 v 2.7 3.0 operating supply voltage 6.5 9.5 114 142 89 114 85 110 operating supply current 132 161 91 110 95 122 ma 132 164 units min typ max parameter pcs mode shdn = 0.6v, sleep mode addition for iflo buffer fm mode cellular digital mode vgc = 2.0v vgc = 0.5v vgc = 2.5v txgate = 0.6v vgc = 2.0v vgc = 0.5v vgc = 2.5v vgc = 0.5v vgc = 2.0v idle = 0.6v, cell idle vgc = 2.5v conditions (note 1) 11 rfpll off
MAX2366/max2367/max2368 complete dual-band quadrature transmitters _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 electrical characteristics ( MAX2366/67/68 evaluation kit: 50 ? system, operating modes as defined in table 6, input voltage at i and q = 200mv rms differen- tial, common mode = v cc /2,300khz quadrature cw tones, rf and if synthesizers locked with passive lead-lag second-order loop fil- ter, ref = 200mvp-p at 19.68mhz, v cc = shdn = idle = cs = txgate = +2.75v, v bat = +2.75v, if output load = 400 ? , loh, lol input power = -7dbm, f lol = 966mhz, f loh = 1750mhz, ifinh = 125mv rms at 130mhz, is-95 cdma modulation f rfh0 = f rfh1 = 1880mhz, f rfl = 836mhz, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) gain variation over temperature -1 +1 db relative to +25?, t a = -40? to +85? (note 4) gain variation over temperature ? ? db lo leakage -17 dbm image signal -29 dbc relative to +25?, t a = -40? to +85? (note 4) parameter min typ max units carrier suppression 30 49 db if output power at ifoutl and ifouth, cdma mode -10 dbm if gain control range 85 db i/q common-mode input voltage 1.35 v cc /2 v cc - 1.25 v sideband suppression 30 38 db if gain control range 85 db output power at ifoutl -8.5 120?35 if frequency range 120?00 mhz -5.5 120?00 if frequency range 180?00 mhz rfl frequency range 800?000 mhz rfh frequency range 1700?000 mhz lol frequency range 800?150 mhz loh frequency range 1400?300 mhz rfpll frequency range output power, rfl port 7 dbm output power, rfh1 port 7.5 dbm output power, rfh0 port 6.6 dbm power control range 30 db conditions vgc = 2.5v, ifg = 111, direct vco modulation vgc = 2.5v, ifg = 100 vgc = 2.5v, ifg = 100, acpr = -70dbc vgc = 0.5v to 2.5v, ifg = 100 v cc = 2.7v to 3.0v (notes 2, 3, 7) vgc = 2.5v, ifg = 100 if_band = 0 if_band = 1 vgc = 0.5v to 2.5v, ifg = 100 vgc = 2.5v, ifg = 111, i/q modulation rfl port rfh0 and rfh1 ports if_band = 0 vgc = 2.5v if_band = 1 vgc = 2.6v, acpr = -54dbc vgc = 2.6v, acpr = -54dbc vgc = 0.5v to 2.5v acpr = -54dbc fm mode 12 mhz 1300 cellular frequency operation 2300 pcs frequency operation modulator, quadrature modes (cdma, pcs, fm_iq) modulator, fm mode upconverter and predriver dbm
MAX2366/max2367/max2368 complete dual-band quadrature transmitters 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ electrical characteristics (continued) ( MAX2366/67/68 evaluation kit : 50 ? system, operating modes as defined in table 6, input voltage at i and q = 200mv rms differen- tial, common mode = v cc /2,300khz quadrature cw tones, rf and if synthesizers locked with passive lead-lag second-order loop fil- ter, ref = 200mvp-p at 19.68mhz, v cc = shdn = idle = cs = txgate = +2.75v, v bat = +2.75v, if output load = 400 ? , loh, lol input power = -7dbm, f lol = 966mhz, f loh = 1750mhz, ifinh = 125mv rms at 130mhz, is-95 cdma modulation f rfh0 = f rfh1 = 1880mhz, f rfl = 836mhz, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) note 1: see table 6 for register settings. note 2: acpr is met over the specified v cm range. note 3: v cm must be supplied by the i/q baseband source with ?? capability. note 4: guaranteed by design and characterization. note 5: when enabled, turbolock is active during acquisition and injects boost current in addition to the normal charge-pump current. note 6: charge pump compliance range is 0.5v to v cc - 0.5v. note 7: >25? guaranteed by production test. <25? guaranteed by design and characterization. rfpll input sensitivity 160 mvp-p charge-pump high-z leakage 10 na over specified compliance range (note 6) charge-pump source/sink matching 5 % locked, all values of rcp, over specified compliance range (note 6, 7) icp = 00 (note 7) parameter min typ max units vco operating range 240?00 mhz 240?70 if reference divide ratio 2 2048 if main divide ratio 256 16384 if lo output power -6 dbm 115 175 230 145 235 315 235 350 470 reference frequency 530 mhz frequency reference signal level 0.1 0.6 vp-p charge-pump source/sink current 300 465 625 ? turbolock boost current 265 450 615 ? charge-pump source/sink matching 5 % charge-pump high-z leakage 10 na rf main divide ratio 4096 262144 rf reference divide ratio 2 8192 maximum phase-detector comparison frequency 10 mhz 100 165 225 ? charge-pump source/sink current 100 165 225 ? conditions vco = 0 (note 5, 7) buf_en = 1 locked, all values of icp, over specified compliance range (note 6) over specified compliance range (note 6) rcp = 00 (note 7) 135 230 310 rcp = 01 (note 7) 270 450 630 rcp = 11 (note 7) 210 340 460 rcp = 10 (note 7) turbolock boost current 245 435 630 ? (note 5, 6) if_pll rf_pll icp = 11 (note 7) icp = 10 (note 7) icp = 01 (note 7) vco = 1
MAX2366/max2367/max2368 complete dual-band quadrature transmitters _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 typical operating characteristics (MAX2366evkit, v cc = +2.75v, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) time (200 s/div) if vco voltage vs. time MAX2366/7/8-01 lock volts (1v/div) cs tank 1/s11 vs. frequency MAX2366/7/8-02 4 5 1 2 3 z 0 = 200 ? equivalent parallel r-c 1: 200mhz, 1.76k ? , 0.26pf 2: 260mhz, 1.66k ? , 0.31pf 3: 330mhz, 1.58k ? , 0.34pf 4: 780mhz, 1.21k ? , 0.43pf 5: 1ghz, 0.94k ? , 0.47pf -80 -50 -60 -70 -10 -20 -30 -40 0 10 20 56 38 20 128 110 92 74 146 182 200 1.5 1.9 2.1 1.7 2.3 2.5 2.7 output power, acpr i cc vs. vgc MAX2366/7/8-03 vgc (v) p out (dbm), acpr/altr (dbc) i cc (ma) i cc p out alternate adjacent cellular cdma, rfl 164 -80 -60 -70 -20 -30 -40 -50 -10 0 10 60 40 20 140 120 100 80 160 180 200 1.5 1.9 2.1 1.7 2.3 2.5 2.7 output power, acpr, i cc vs. vgc MAX2366/7/8-04 vgc (v) p out (dbm), acpr/altr (dbc) i cc total (ma) i cc adjacent alternate p out pcs cdma, rfh0 -80 -50 -60 -70 -20 -30 -40 -10 0 10 1.5 1.9 2.1 1.7 2.3 2.5 2.7 output power, acpr, i cc total vs. vgc MAX2366/7/8-05 vgc (v) p out (dbm), acpr/altr (dbc) 20 80 60 40 140 120 100 160 180 200 i cc total (ma) p out i cc adjacent alternate pcs cdma, rfh1 -120 -80 -100 -40 -60 -20 0 0 1.0 1.5 0.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 if output power vs. vgc and if dac setting MAX2366/7/8-06 vgc (v) p out (dbm) 011 111 100 101 110 001 000 010 -110 -90 -100 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -30 -20 -10 0 1.0 0 1.5 0.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 if output power vs. vgc MAX2366/7/8-07 vgc (v) if power (dbm) -40 c +85 c +25 c -120 -80 -100 -40 -60 -20 0 0 1.0 1.5 0.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 if output power vs. vgc MAX2366/7/8-08 vgc (v) p out (dbm) 2.7v, 3.0v, 3.3v -100 -30 -40 -20 -10 0 -80 -90 -70 -60 -50 130.18 129.98 130.38 130.58 130.78 sideband suppression and lo feedthrough (ifouth) MAX2366/7/8-09 frequency (mhz) p out (dbm) desired lo sideband
MAX2366/max2367/max2368 complete dual-band quadrature transmitters 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ -3.0 -1.5 -2.0 -2.5 -1.0 -0.5 0 020 15 5 10 253035404550 i/q baseband frequency response MAX2366/7/8-10 frequency (mhz) (dbc) 0 400 300 200 100 500 700 600 800 0 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 2.5 3.5 3.0 4.0 180 160 120 140 100 200 220 240 260 280 300 ifouth differential port output impedance MAX2366/7/8-11 frequency (mhz) parallel resistance ( ? ) parallel capacitance (pf) resistance capacitance 0 300 200 100 400 500 600 180 160 120 140 100 200 220 240 260 280 300 ifinh differential port input impedance MAX2366/7/8-12 frequency (mhz) parallel resistance ( ? ) 0 3 2 1 4 5 6 parallel capacitance (pf) resistance capacitance -50 -150 1k 10m phase noise low-band oscillator vs. frequency offset (130.38mhz) -130 MAX2366/7/8-13 frequency (hz) (dbc/hz) -110 -90 -70 -80 -100 -120 -140 -60 10k 100k 1m -50 -150 1k 10m phase noise high-band oscillator vs. frequency offset (165mhz) -130 MAX2366/7/8-14 frequency (hz) (dbc/hz) -110 -90 -70 -80 -100 -120 -140 -60 10k 100k 1m MAX2366/7/8-15 desired -90 -70 -80 -50 -60 -30 -40 -20 0 -10 10 766.38 566.38 966.38 1166.38 1366.38 rfl output spectrum frequency (mhz) amplitude (dbm) lo image -90 -70 -80 -50 -60 -30 -40 -20 0 -10 10 1550 1350 1750 1950 2150 rfh0 output spectrum MAX2366/7/8-16 frequency (mhz) amplitude (dbm) image lo desired -70 -55 -60 -65 -50 -45 -40 -2 -4 -8 -6 -10 0246810 rfho cascade acpr vs. p out and v bat MAX2366/7/8-17 p out (dbm) acpr (dbc) 3.6v 3.3v 2.8v 2.7v 3.0v v cc = 2.75v -70 -55 -60 -65 -50 -45 -40 -2 -4 -8 -6 -10 0246810 MAX2366/7/8-18 p out (dbm) acpr (dbc) 2.8v 2.7v 3.6v 3.3v 3.0v cascade acpr vs. p out and v bat v cc = 2.75v typical operating characteristics (continued) (MAX2366evkit, v cc = +2.75v, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.)
complete dual-band quadrature transmitters _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 100 120 110 140 130 170 160 150 180 -60 -40 -50 -30 -20 -10 0 10 i cc vs. rfl output power (836mhz) MAX2366/7/8-19 output power (dbm) i cc (ma) 100 120 110 140 130 170 160 150 180 -60 -40 -50 -30 -20 -10 0 10 i cc vs. rfh0 output power (1880mhz) MAX2366/7/8-20 output power (dbm) i cc (ma) 100 120 110 140 130 170 160 150 180 -60 -40 -50 -30 -20 -10 0 10 i cc vs. rfh1 output power (1880mhz) MAX2366/7/8-21 output power (dbm) i cc (ma) typical operating characteristics (continued) (MAX2366evkit, v cc = +2.75v, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) MAX2366/max2367/max2368 -100 -80 -90 -60 -70 -40 -50 -30 -10 -20 0 129.78 129.18 130.38 130.98 131.58 buffered lo output MAX2366/7/8-22 frequency (mhz) amplitude (dbm) lol port s11 MAX2366/7/8-23 1: 700mhz, 72 ? ?51 ? 2: 966mhz, 60 ? ?46 ? 3: 1.22mhz, 52 ? ?38 ? 4: 1.5ghz, 40 ? ?25 ? 4 1 2 3 loh port s11 MAX2366/7/8-24 1600mhz to 2500mhz 1: 1.6ghz, 40 ? j25 ? 2: 1.75ghz, 36 ? j22 ? 3: 1.88ghz, 34 ? j18 ? 4: 2.01ghz, 32 ? j15 ? 5: 2.5ghz, 29 ? j0 ? 4 5 1 2 3
MAX2366/max2367/max2368 complete dual-band quadrature transmitters 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ pin description max2360 pin name function max2368 max2367 1 1 rfl transmitter rf output for cellular band (800mhz to 1000mhz)?or both fm and digital modes. this open-collector output requires a pullup inductor to the supply voltage, which may be part of the output matching network and may be connected directly to the battery. no connection. make no connection to these pins. n.c. 2, 10, 11, 16, 17, 32?5 43, 47 1, 8, 9, 18, 19, 30, 31, 34, 35, 44 2 2 rfh0 transmitter rf output for pcs band (1700mhz to 2000mhz). this open- collector output requires a pullup inductor to the supply voltage. the pullup inductor may be part of the output matching network and may be connected directly to the battery. open-collector output indicating lock status of the if and/or the rf plls. requires a pullup resistor. control using configuration register bit ld_mode0, ld_mode1. lock 3 3 3 4 4 4 v cc power supply digital input. a logic low on idle shuts down everything except the rf pll and associated registers. a small r-c lowpass filter may be used to prevent digital noise. idle 5 5 5 6 6 6 v cc supply pin for the upconverter stage. v cc must be bypassed to system ground as close to the pin as possible. the ground vias for the bypass capacitor should not be shared by any other branch. digital input. a logic low on txgate shuts down everything except the rf pll, if pll, if vco, and serial bus and registers. this mode is used for gated transmission. txgate 7 7 7 8, 9 8, 9 ifinl+, ifinl- differential inputs to the rf upconverter. these pins are internally biased to +1.5v. the input impedance for these ports is nominally 400 ? differential. the if filter should be ac-coupled to these ports. keep the differential lines as short as possible to minimize stray pickup and shunt capacitance. differential inputs to the rf upconverter. these pins are internally biased to +1.5v. the input impedance for these ports is nominally 400 ? differential. the if filter should be ac-coupled to these ports. keep the differential lines as short as possible to minimize stray pickup and shunt capacitance. ifinh+, ifinh- 10, 11 10, 11 12 12 12 r bias bias resistor pin. rbias is internally biased to a bandgap voltage of +1.18v. an external resistor or current source must be connected to this pin to set the bias current for the upconverters and pa driver stages. the nominal resistor value is 16k ? . this value can be altered to optimize the linearity of the driver stage. input pins from the 3-wire serial bus (spi/qspi/microwire compatible). an r-c filter on each of these pins may be used to reduce noise. clk, di, cs 13, 14, 15 13, 14, 15 13, 14, 15 MAX2366
MAX2366/max2367/max2368 complete dual-band quadrature transmitters _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 pin description (continued) i+, i- shdn v cc iflo tankl-, tankl+ vgc v cc v cc q+, q- ifoutl+, ifoutl- ifouth-, ifouth+ name 25, 26 27 28 29 30, 31 20 21 22 23, 24 18, 19 max2368 pin differential i-channel baseband inputs to the modulator. these pins go directly to the bases of a differential pair and require an external common- mode bias voltage. 25, 26 25, 26 shutdown input. a logic low on shdn shuts down the entire ic. an r-c low- pass filter may be used to reduce digital noise. 27 27 supply pin to the vco section. bypass as close to the pin as possible. the bypass capacitor should not share its vias with any other branches. 28 28 nbuffered lo output. control the output buffer using register bit buf_en and the divide ratio using the register bit buf_div. 29 29 differential tank pins for the low-frequency if vco. these pins are internally biased to +1.6v. 30, 31 rf and if variable-gain control analog input. vgc floats to +1.5v. apply +0.5v to +2.6v to control the gain of the rf and if stages. an rc filter on this pin may be used to reduce dac noise or pdm clock spurs from this line. 20 20 supply pin for the if vga. bypass with a capacitor as close to the pin as possible. the bypass capacitor must not share its ground vias with any other branches. 21 21 supply for the i/q modulator. bypass with capacitor as close to the pin as possible. the bypass capacitor must not share its ground vias with any other branches. 22 22 differential q-channel baseband inputs to the modulator. these pins go directly to the bases of a differential pair and require an external common- mode bias voltage. 23, 24 23, 24 differential if outputs. these ports are active when the register bit if_band is 0. these pins must be inductively pulled up to v cc . a differential if band- pass filter is connected between this port and ifinl+ and ifinl-. the pullup inductors can be part of the filter structure. the differential output impedance of this port is nominally 600 ? . the transmission lines from these pins should be short to minimize the pickup of spurious signals and noise. 18, 19 differential if outputs. these ports are active when the register bit if_band is 1. they do not support fm mode. these pins must be inductively pulled up to v cc . a differential if bandpass filter is connected between this port and ifinh+ or ifinh-. the pullup inductors can be part of the filter structure. the differential output impedance of this port is nominally 600 ? . the transmission lines from these pins should be short to minimize the pickup of spurious sig- nals and noise. 16, 17 16, 17 function max2367 MAX2366
MAX2366/max2367/max2368 complete dual-band quadrature transmitters 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ pin description (continued) gnd exposed paddle dc and ac gnd return for the ic. connect to pc board ground plane using multiple vias. exposed paddle exposed paddle rfh1 transmitter rf output for pcs band (1700mhz to 2000mhz). this open-col- lector output requires a pullup inductor to the supply voltage. the pullup inductor may be part of the output matching network and may be connected directly to the battery. 47 47 gnd 45, 46, 48 ground. connect to pc board ground plane. 45, 46, 48 45, 46, 48 rfcp v cc rfpll loh lol ref v cc ifcp v cc n.c. tankh-, tankh+ name 40 41 42 44 36 37 38 39 max2368 pin high-impedance output of the rf charge pump. connect to the tune input of the rf vcos through the rf pll loop filter. keep the line from this pin to the tune input as short as possible to prevent spurious pickup, and connect the loop filter as close to the tune input as possible. 40 40 supply for the rf charge pump. this supply can differ from the system v cc . bypass as close to the pin as possible. the bypass capacitor must not share its vias with any other branches. 41 41 rf pll input. ac-couple this port to the rf vco. 42 42 high-band rf lo input port. ac-couple to this port. 43 43 low-band rf lo input port. ac-couple to this port. 44 reference frequency input. ref is internally biased to v cc - 0.7v and must be ac-coupled to the reference source. this is a high-impedance port (25k ? ii 3pf). 36 36 supply for the if charge pump. this supply can differ from the system v cc . bypass as close to the pin as possible. the bypass capacitor must not share its vias with any other branches. 37 37 high-impedance output of the if charge pump. connect to the tune input of the if vcos through the if pll loop filter. keep the line from ifcp to the tune input as short as possible to prevent spurious pickup, and connect the loop filter as close to the tune input as possible. 38 38 supply pin for digital circuitry. bypass as close to the pin as possible. the bypass capacitor must not share its vias with any other branch. 39 39 no connection. leave these pins floating. 34, 35 differential tank pins for the high-frequency if vco. these pins are internally biased to +1.6v. 32, 33 32, 33 function max2367 MAX2366
MAX2366/max2367/max2368 complete dual-band quadrature transmitters ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 detailed description the MAX2366 complete quadrature transmitter accepts differential i/q baseband inputs with external common- mode bias. a modulator upconverts this to if frequency in the 120mhz to 300mhz range. a gain control voltage pin (vgc) controls the gain of both the if and rf vgas simultaneously to achieve best noise and linearity per- formance. the if signal is brought off-chip for filtering, then fed to a single sideband upconverter followed by the rf vga and pa driver. the rf upconverter requires an external vco for operation. the if pll, rf pll, and operating mode can be programmed by an spi/qspi/ microwire-compatible 3-wire interface. the following sections describe each block in the MAX2366 functional diagram. i/q modulator differential in-phase (i) and quadrature-phase (q) input pins are designed to be dc-coupled and biased with the baseband output from a digital-to-analog converter (dac). i and q inputs need a dc bias of v cc /2 and a current-drive capability of 6?. common-mode voltage will work within a 1.35v to (v cc - 1.25v) range. typically, i and q will be driven differentially with a 200mv rms baseband signal. optionally, i and q may be pro- grammed for 100mv rms operation with the iq_level bit in the configuration register. the if vco output is fed into a divide-by-two/quadrature generator block to derive quadrature components to drive the iq modulator. the output of the modulator is fed into the vga. if vcos there are two vcos to support high if and low if appli- cations. the vcos oscillate at twice the desired if fre- quency. oscillation frequency is determined by external tank components (see applications information ). typical phase-noise performance for the tank is as shown in table 1. the high-band and low-band vcos can be selected independently of the if port being used. iflo output buffer iflo provides a buffered lo output when buf_en is 1. the iflo output frequency is equal to the vco fre- quency when buf_div is 0, and half the vco frequen- cy when buf_div is 1. the output power is -6dbm. this output is intended for applications where the receiver if is the same frequency as the transmit if. if/rf pll the if/rf pll uses a charge-pump output to drive a loop filter. the loop filter will typically be a passive sec- ond-order lead lag filter. outside the filter? bandwidth, phase noise will be determined by the tank compo- nents. the two components that contribute most signifi- cantly to phase noise are the inductor and varactor. use high-q inductors and varactors to maximize equiv- alent parallel resistance. the if_turbo_charge and the rf_turbo_charge bits in the config register can be set to 1 to enable turbo mode. turbo mode pro- vides maximum charge-pump current during frequency acquisition. turbo mode is disabled after the second transition from phase lead to phase lag or from phase lag to phase lead. turbo mode is also disabled after frequency acquisition is achieved. when turbo mode is disabled, charge-pump current will return to the pro- grammed levels as set by icp and rcp bits in the config register (table 4). if vga the if vga allows varying an if output level that is con- trolled by the vgs. the voltage range on vgc of +0.5v to +2.6v provides a gain-control range of 85db. there are two differential if output ports from the vga. ifoutl+/ifoutl- are optimized for low if operation (120mhz to 235mhz) for ifouth+/ifouth- support high if operation (120mhz to 300mhz). ifoutl ports support direct vco fm modulation. the differential if output port has an output impedance of 600 ? when pulled up to v cc through a choke. single sideband mixer the rf transmit mixer uses a single sideband architec- ture to eliminate an off-chip rf filter. the single side- band mixer has if input stages that correspond to if output ports of the vga. the mixer is followed by the rf vga. the rf vga is controlled by the same vgc pin as the if vga to provide optimum linearity and noise per- formance. the total power control range is >100db. pa driver the MAX2366 includes three power-amplifier (pa) dri- vers. each is optimized for the desired operating fre- quency. rfl is optimized for cellular-band operation. table 1. typical vco phase noise (if = 130.38mhz) 30 12.5 1 offset (khz) phase noise (dbc) -80 -105 -111 900 120 -121 -128
MAX2366/max2367/max2368 complete dual-band quadrature transmitters 12 ______________________________________________________________________________________ rfh0 and rfh1 are optimized for split-band pcs opera- tion. the pa drivers have open-collector outputs and require pullup inductors. the pullup inductors can act as the shunt element in a shunt series match. programmable registers the MAX2366/max2367/max2368 include seven pro- grammable registers consisting of four divide registers, a configuration register, an operational control register, and a test register. each register consists of 24 bits. the 4 least significant bits (lsbs) are the register? address. the 20 most significant bits (msbs) are used for register data. all registers contain some ?on't care bits. these can be either a zero or a 1 and do not affect operation (figure 1). data is shifted in msb first, fol- lowed by the 4-bit address. when cs is low, the clock is active and data is shifted with the rising edge of the clock. when cs transitions to high, the shift register is latched into the register selected by the contents of the address bits. power-up defaults for the seven registers are shown in table 2. the dividers and control registers are programmed from the spi/qspi/microwire-com- patible serial port. the rfm register sets the main frequency divide ratio for the rf pll. the rfr register sets the reference fre- quency divide ratio. the rf vco frequency can be determined by the following: rf vco frequency = f ref ? (rfm / rfr) ifm and ifr registers are similar: if vco frequency = f ref ? (ifm / ifr) where f ref is the external reference frequency. the operational control register (opctrl) controls the state of the MAX2366/max2367/max2368. see table 3 for the function of each bit. the configuration register (config) sets the configura- tion for the rf/if pll and the baseband i/q input lev- els. see table 4 for a description of each bit. the test register is not needed for normal use. power management bias control is distributed among several functional sections and can be controlled to accommodate many different power-down modes as shown in table 5. the shutdown control bit is of particular interest since it differs from the shdn pin. when the shutdown control bit is active (shdn_bit = 0), the serial interface is left active so that the part can be turned on with the serial bus while all other functions remain shut off. in contrast, when the shdn pin is low it shuts down everything. in either case, pll programming and register information is lost. to retain the register information, use standby mode ( stby = 0). signal flow control table 6 shows an example of key registers for triple- mode operation, assuming half-band pcs and if fre- quencies of 130mhz/165mhz. applications information the MAX2366 is designed for use in dual-band, triple- mode systems. it is recommended for triple-mode hand- sets (figure 2). the max2367 is designed for use in cdma pcs handsets or wll single-mode 2.4ghz ism systems (figure 3). the max2368 is designed for use in dual-mode cellular systems (figure 4). 3-wire interface figure 5 shows the 3-wire interface timing diagram. the 3-wire bus is spi/qspi/microwire compatible. table 2. register power-up default states test 0111 b 0000 hex test-mode control config opctrl ifr 0101 b 0100 b 0011 b 0492 dec 892f hex d03f hex ifm rfr rfm register 0010 b 0001 b 0000 b address default 172087 dec 1968 dec 6519 dec configuration and setup control operational control settings if r divider count if m divider count rf r divider count rf m divider count function
MAX2366/max2367/max2368 complete dual-band quadrature transmitters ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 electromagnetic compliance considerations two major concepts should be employed to produce a noise-free and emc-compliant transmitter: minimize cir- cular current-loop area to reduce h-field radiation and minimize voltage drops to reduce e-field radiation. to minimize the circular current-loop area, bypass as close to the part as possible and use the distributed capacitance of a ground plane. to minimize voltage drops, make v cc traces short and wide, and make rf traces short. the ?on't care?bits in the registers should be zero in order to minimize electromagnetic radiation due to unnecessary bit banging. rc filtering can also be used to slow the clock edges on the 3-wire interface, reduc- ing high-frequency spectral content. rc filtering also provides for transient protection against iec802 testing by shunting high frequencies to ground, while the series resistance attenuates the transients for error-free operation. the same applies to the override pins ( shdn , txgate , idle ). high-frequency bypass capacitors are required close to the pins with a dedicated via to ground. the 48-pin qfn-ep package provides minimal inductance ground by using an exposed paddle under the part. provide at least five low-inductance vias under the paddle to ground to minimize ground inductance. use a solid ground plane wherever possible. any cutout in the ground plane may act as slot radiator and reduce its shield effectiveness. keep the rf lo traces as short as possible to reduce lo radiation and susceptibility to interference. figure 1. register configuration msb 24-bit register lsb data 20 bits address 4 bits b18 b16 b19 b17 b14 b12 b15 b13 b10 b8 b11 b9 b6 b4 b7 b5 b2 b0 b3 b1 a2 a0 a3 a1 rfm divide ratio (18) address x b16 x b17 b14 b12 b15 b13 b10 b8 b11 b9 b6 b4 b7 b5 b2 b0 b3 b1 0 0 0 0 rfm divide register rfr divide ratio (13) address x x x x x b12 x x b10 b8 b11 b9 b6 b4 b7 b5 b2 b0 b3 b1 0 1 0 0 rfr divide register ifm divide ratio (14) address x x x x x b12 x b13 b10 b8 b11 b9 b6 b4 b7 b5 b2 b0 b3 b1 0 0 0 1 ifm divide register rfr divide ratio (11) address x x x x x x x x b10 b8 x b9 b6 b4 b7 b5 b2 b0 b3 b1 0 1 0 1 ifr divide register control bits (16) address x x x x b14 b12 b15 b13 b10 b8 b11 b9 b6 b4 b7 b5 b2 b0 b3 b1 1 0 0 0 control register configuration bits (16) address x x x x b14 b12 b15 b13 b10 b8 b11 b9 b6 b4 b7 b5 b2 b0 b3 b1 1 1 0 0 configuration register test bits (8) address x x x x x x x x x x x x b6 b4 b7 b5 b2 b0 b3 b1 1 1 0 1 test register x = don t care
MAX2366/max2367/max2368 complete dual-band quadrature transmitters 14 ______________________________________________________________________________________ buf_en 0 bit name power-up state function lo_sel 1 1 selects lol input port; 0 selects loh port. 4 rcp_max 0 1 keeps rf turbo-mode current active even when frequency acquisition is achieved. this bit has no effect when rf_turbo_charge = 0. this mode is used when high operating rf charge-pump current is needed. icp_max 0 1 keeps if turbo-mode current active even when frequency acquisition is achieved. this bit has no effect when if_turbo_charge = 0. this mode is used when high operating if charge-pump current is needed. mode 01 sets operating mode according to the following: 00 = fm mode 01 = cellular digital mode; rfl is selected 10 = pcshigh mode; rfh1 is selected 11 = pcslow mode; rfh0 is selected side_band 1 when this register is 1, the upper sideband is selected (lo below rf). when this register is 0, the lower sideband is selected (lo above rf). ifg 100 3-bit if gain control. alters if gain by approximately 2db per lsb (0 to 14db). provides a means for adjusting balance between rf and if gain for optimized linearity. vco 0 1 selects high-band if vco; 0 selects low-band if vco. if_band 0 1 selects ifinh and ifouth; 0 selects ifinl and ifoutl. for fm mode (mode = 00), set if_band to 0. 0 turns iflo buffer off; 1 turns iflo buffer on. 15 14 13 12, 11 5 8, 7, 6 9 10 mod_type 1 3 0 selects direct vco modulation. (if vco is externally modulated and the i/q modulator is bypassed); 1 selects quadrature modulation. stby 1 2 0 shuts down everything except registers and serial interface. txstby 1 1 0 shuts down modulator and upconverter, leaving plls locked and registers active. this is the programmable equivalent to the txgate pin. shdn_bit 1 0 0 shuts down everything except serial interface, and also resets all registers to power-up state. table 3. operation control register (opctrl) bit location (0 = lsb)
MAX2366/max2367/max2368 complete dual-band quadrature transmitters ______________________________________________________________________________________ 15 table 4. configuration register (config) bit location (0 = lsb) power-up state determines output mode for lock detector pin as follows: 00 = test mode, ld_mode cannot be 00 for normal operation 01 = if pll lock detector 10 = rf pll lock detector 11 = logical and of if pll and rf pll lock detectors 1, 0 11 ld_mode 1 activates turbocharge feature, providing an additional 435? of rf charge- pump current during frequency acquisition. 2 1 rf_turbo_ charge 1 activates turbocharge feature, providing an additional 450? of if charge- pump current during frequency acquisition. 3 1 if_turbo_ charge rf phase-detector polarity; 1 selects positive polarity (increasing tuning voltage on the vco produces increasing frequency); 0 selects negative polarity (increasing voltage on the vco produces decreasing frequency). 4 1 rf_pd_pol if phase-detector polarity; 1 selects positive polarity (increasing tuning voltage on the vco produces increasing frequency); 0 selects negative polarity (increasing tuning voltage on the vco produces decreasing frequency). 5 1 if_pd_pol 7, 6 12 11 10 9, 8 13 14 15 a 2-bit register sets the rf charge-pump current as follows: 00 = 165? 01 = 230? 10 = 340? 11 = 450? 00 rcp 1 selects 200mv rms input mode; 0 selects 100mv rms input mode. 1 iq_level 1 selects ? on iflo port; 0 bypasses the divider. 0 buf_div 1 bypasses if vco and enables a buffered input for external vco use. 0 vco_bypass a 2-bit register sets the if charge-pump current as follows: 00 = 175? 01 = 235? 10 = 350? 11 = 465? 00 icp must be set to 0 for normal operation. 0 reserved 0 shuts down the rf pll. this mode is used with an external rf pll. 1 rf_pll_ shdn 0 shuts down the if pll. this mode is used with an external if vco and if pll. 1 if_pll_shdn function bit name
MAX2366/max2367/max2368 complete dual-band quadrature transmitters 16 ______________________________________________________________________________________ x x x upconverter x x idle is low in rx mode serial bus is still active ultra-low shutdown current comments reg shdn x x x power-down mode shdn pin x idle pin tx is off, but if and rf los stay locked for external rf pll use for punctured tx mode modulator x txgate pin rf pll shdn tx stby x shuts down, but preserves registers x reg stby x serial bus x x rf pll x x x x rf pll regs x x x opctrl reg x x x if lo buff x x x x if vco x x x x if pll x x x x if pll regs x x config reg for external if pll use if pll shdn x x table 5. power-down modes 0 1 0 h 1 1 1 pcs lower half-band, rfh0 selected gated transmission, cellular digital pcs upper half-band, rfh1 selected cellular txgate 0 11 01 pcs high 10 pcs low listen for pages rx on, tx off direct vco modulation, rfl selected rfl selected x 0x 00 cellular digital fm cellular idle 01 gated transmission, pcs 1x pcs txgate 1 0 1 everything off x 0 0 1 1 0 1 sleep x 0 0 1 1 1 1 xx x 0 1 1 1 1 1 x 1 1 1 1 1 x 1 x x 1 1 x 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 x x 1 1 1 1 1 1 x 1 1 1 1 h h h x l h h h h l h x h h h l 0 listen for pages rx on, tx off 1x pcs idle x x x 1 x 1 x 1 l h lo sel description mode mode if band vco mod type stby txstby shdn_bit if pll shdn rf pll shdn idle txgate h h x h h h h h shdn x x x l table 6. register and control pin states for key operating modes opctrl register control pins x = off x = don? care config register
MAX2366/max2367/max2368 complete dual-band quadrature transmitters ______________________________________________________________________________________ 17 MAX2366 0 90 if ppl rf ppl n.c. n.c. iflo shdn v reg 100pf i q tank h tank l v cc vgc v cc v reg v reg v cc v cc v reg v bat v bat v bat 19.68mhz tcxo 3300pf 10k 50 ? 0.033 f 33pf 33pf 0.033 f 3300pf 0.033 f 100pf 100pf 100pf 4.3pf 2.4pf 12pf 12pf 18pf 18pf 3 wire 16k 100pf 51k 1000pf 165mhz 130mhz txgate 10k 10k 10k 10k 33pf 3.3pf 3pf cell vco 22nh 8.7 h 5nh 1880mhz pcs rx 1960mhz 836mhz cell rx cell duplexer pcs duplexer diplexer 10k 22nh 39nh 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 45 -45 /2 /2 0 90 clk di cs dac dac dac idle lock pcs pa cell pa v reg 100pf 100pf rbias pcs vco 33pf figure 2. MAX2366 typical application circuit
MAX2366/max2367/max2368 complete dual-band quadrature transmitters 18 ______________________________________________________________________________________ max2367 0 90 if pll rf pll n.c. n.c. n.c. n.c. n.c. n.c. iflo n.c. n.c. n.c. n.c. shdn v reg 100pf i q tank v cc vgc v cc v reg v reg v cc v cc v cc v bat v bat 19.68mhz tcxo 0.033 f 3 wire 16k 47pf 51k 1000pf 130mhz txgate 33pf 3.3pf 22nh 5nh 1880mhz pcs rx 1960mhz pcs duplexer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 45 -45 /2 /2 0 90 clk rbias di cs dac dac dac idle lock pcs pa v reg 100pf 100pf v reg 3300pf 10k 0.033 f 100pf 33pf 33pf 100pf 100pf pcs vco 2.4pf 18pf 18pf 10k 10k 39nh 0.033 f 3300pf 10k 100pf figure 3. max2367 typical application circuit
MAX2366/max2367/max2368 complete dual-band quadrature transmitters ______________________________________________________________________________________ 19 max2368 0 90 if pll rf pll n.c. n.c. n.c. n.c. iflo n.c. v cc n.c. n.c. n.c. n.c. n.c. n.c. rbias shdn v reg v reg 100pf i q tank l v cc vgc v cc v reg v reg v reg v bat 19.68mhz tcxo 3300pf 10k 0.033 f 0.033 f 100pf 100pf 100pf 2.4pf 18pf 18pf 100pf 100pf 3 wire 16k 47pf 51k 1000pf 130mhz txgate 10k 10k 3pf 8.7nh cell rx 880mhz 836mhz cell duplexer 39nh 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 45 -45 /2 /2 0 90 clk di cs dac dac dac idle lock cell pa 33pf 33pf pcs vco 0.033 f 3300pf 10k 100pf figure 4. max2368 typical application circuit
MAX2366/max2367/max2368 complete dual-band quadrature transmitters 20 ______________________________________________________________________________________ if tank design the low-band tank (tankl+, tankl-) and high-band tank (tankh+, tankh-) are fully differential. the exter- nal tank components are shown in figure 6. the fre- quency of oscillation is determined by the following equation: c int = internal capacitance of tank port c d = capacitance of varactor c var = equivalent variable tuning capacitance c par = parasitic capacitance due to pc board pads and traces c cent = external capacitor for centering oscillation fre- quency c c = external coupling capacitor to the varactor internal to the ic, the charge pump will have a leakage of less than 10na. this is equivalent to a 300m ? shunt resistor. the charge-pump output must see an extremely high dc resistance of greater than 300m ? . this will minimize charge-pump spurs at the compari- son frequency. make sure there is no solder flux under the varactor or loop filter. layout issues the MAX2366/max2367/max2368 ev kit can be used as a starting point for layout. for best performance, take into consideration power-supply issues, as well as the rf, lo, and if layout. power-supply layout to minimize coupling between different sections of the ic, the ideal power-supply layout is a star configuration, which has a large decoupling capacitor at a central v cc node. the v cc traces branch out from this node, each going to a separate v cc node in the MAX2366/ max2367/max2368 circuit. at the end of each trace is a bypass capacitor with impedance to ground less than 1 ? at the frequency of interest. this arrangement pro- vides local decoupling at each v cc pin. use at least one via per bypass capacitor for a low-inductance ground connection. matching network layout the layout of a matching network can be very sensitive to parasitic circuit elements. to minimize parasitic inductance, keep all traces short and place compo- nents as close to the ic as possible. to minimize para- sitic capacitance, a cutout in the ground plane (and f 2(c c c c)l c cc 2(c + c ) osc int cent var par var dc dc = +++ = 1 t cs t ch t cwl t cwh di clk cs t es b19 (msb) b18 b0 a3 a1 a0 (lsb) t cs > 50ns t ch > 10ns t cwh > 50ns t es > 50ns t cwl > 50ns t ew > 50ns t ew figure 5. 3-wire interface diagram l c d c cent c par c c c c c d MAX2366 max2367 max2368 c int -r n figure 6. tank port oscillator
MAX2366/max2367/max2368 complete dual-band quadrature transmitters ______________________________________________________________________________________ 21 any other planes) below the matching network compo- nents can be used. on the high-impedance ports (e.g., if inputs and out- puts), keep traces short to minimize shunt capacitance. tank layout keep the traces coming out of the tank short to reduce series inductance and shunt capacitance. keep the inductor pads and coupling capacitor pads small to minimize stray shunt capacitance. selector guide 120 to 235 120 to 300 1400 to 2300 800 to 1150 max2368 max2367 120 to 300 120 to 235 if range (mhz) rf lo range (mhz) 800 to 1150 1400 to 2300 MAX2366 part 800 to 1000 1700 to 2000 1700 to 2000 800 to 1000 rf range (mhz)
MAX2366/max2367/max2368 complete dual-band quadrature transmitters pin configurations (continued) ref n.c. n.c. tank h+ tank h- n.c. n.c. iflo v cc shdn i- i+ n.c. rfh0 lock v cc idle v cc txgate n.c. n.c. ifinh+ ifinh- r bias 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 clk di cs ifouth- ifouth+ n.c. n.c. vgc v cc v cc q+ q- gnd rfh1 gnd gnd n.c. loh rfpll v cc rfcp v cc ifcp v cc max2367 ref n.c. n.c. n.c. n.c. tank l+ tank l- iflo v cc shdn i- i+ rfl n.c. lock v cc idle v cc txgate ifinl+ ifinl- n.c. n.c. r bias 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 clk di cs n.c. n.c. ifoutl+ ifoutl- vgc v cc v cc q+ q- gnd n.c. gnd gnd lol n.c. rfpll v cc rfcp v cc ifcp v cc max2368 ref n.c. n.c. tank h+ tank h- tank l+ tank l- iflo v cc shdn i- i+ rfl rfh0 lock v cc idle v cc txgate ifinl+ ifinl- ifinh+ ifinh- r bias 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 clk di cs ifouth- ifouth+ ifoutl+ ifoutl- vgc v cc v cc q+ q- gnd rfh1 gnd gnd lol loh rfpll v cc rfcp v cc ifcp v cc MAX2366 top view qfn-ep qfn-ep qfn-ep bottom side gnd maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a maxim product. no circu it patent licenses are implied. maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 22 ____________________maxim integrated products, 120 san gabriel drive, sunnyvale, ca 94086 408-737-7600 2000 maxim integrated products printed usa is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products. package information for the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages .

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